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The
International OTEC Symposium
Honolulu
Convention Center, Oahu September 9-10, 2013
1)
Policies, Finance and
Incentives
A
distinguished panel of speakers from France, South Korea, Malaysia,
Philippines, The Netherlands and the USA presented their vision as well
as national frameworks to achieve the implementation of OTEC Plants.
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H.
Kim et al, KIOST, “The Korean Roadmap to OTEC
Industrialization” (1.1)
HJ Kim_ Korea OTEC Roadmap
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K.
Kehoe, NOAA, “OTEC: The Promise and the Problem” (1.2)
K. Kehoe_OTEC Promise and Problem
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B.
Cole, OTI, “OTEC as an Economic Engine” (1.3)
B. Cole_OTEC Economic Engine
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E.
Brochard, DCNS, “The DCNS OTEC Roadmap for France” (1.4)
Brochard E_DCNS OTEC Roadmap for France
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A.
Jaafar et al, UTM, “Framework for OTEC Development in
Malaysia” (1.5)
A-BakarJaafar_Framework 4 OTEC Development Malaysia
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M.
Marasigan, REMB, “Philippines Government Policies for OTEC
Development” (1.6)
M. Marasigan_ Philipines OTEC Roadmap
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P.
Dinnissen et al, OTEC Foundation, “OTEC: A Collaborative
Effort” (1.7)
Dinnissen P._OTEC Foundation
2)
Developers Perspective
In
a unique format representatives from the major firms involved in the
world-wide commercialization of OTEC plants presented their plans and
held a round table discussion with audience participation
3)
The Ocean Environment
Speakers
from academic institutions and the private sector presented analytical
work and computer modeling that has led to estimates of the ocean
thermal resource for the sustainable global application of OTEC along
with the potential environmental impact during operations. A field
program designed by the University of Hawaii to monitor the ocean
conditions prior and during operations of the Honolulu Sea Water Air
Conditioning (SWAC) system was presented along with preliminary
measurements.
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K.
Rajagopalan et al, University of Hawaii, “Global Ocean Thermal
resources for Sustainable OTEC Application” (3.1)
K. Rajagopalan _Global OTEC Resource
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G.
Rocheleau et al, Makai Ocean Engineering, “”Biochemical
Simulation of a 100 MW OTEC Plume” (3.2)
G. Rocheleau_OTEC Plume Model
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J.
Kim, Chonnam University, “Potential Environmental Effects of
OTEC Effluent off Kosrae” (3.3)
Kim J_ OTEC Effluent off Kosrae
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C.
Kelley et al, University of Hawaii, “Potential Biological
Impact of Honolulu Seawater Air Conditioning: Submersible Surveys
along the Intake Pipe Route to 250 m Depth” (3.4)
C. Kelley_SWAC Biological Impact
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C.
Comfort et al, University of Hawaii, “Monitoring Key
Biogeochemical Parameters due to SWAC Operations on Mamala Bay,
Hawaii” (3.5)
C. Comfort_ SWAC Environmental Monitoring during Ops
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D.
Karl et al, University of Hawaii, “Potential Environmental
Consequences of Enhanced Ocean Upwelling” (3.6)
D. Karl _Enhanced Upwelling Consequences
4)
Experimental Plants & OTEC
Technology Lessons learned from the design and operation
of OTEC experimental plants were presented. In addition, heat
exchangers, turbines and working fluids for OTEC applications were
discussed.
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Y.
Ikegami, Saga University, “100 kW CC-OTEC Plant and Deep Ocean
water Applications in Kumejima, Okinawa, Japan” (4.1)
Ikegami Y_ OTEC Okinawa Plant
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H.
Lee et al, KIOST, “Cycle Analysis of Ocean Geothermal Power
Generation using Multistaged Turbine” (4.2)
Lee HS_Ocean Geothermal Power Multistage TG
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D.
Jung et al, Inha University, “Rankine Cycle Working Fluids for
CC-OTEC Application” (4.3)
Jung D_ Rankine Cycle Working Fluids
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S.
Han, Seoul University of Science & Technology, “20 kW CC-OTEC
Turbine Design” (4.4)
Han S_ 20kW OTEC TG
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P.
Grandelli et al, Makai Ocean Eng., “CC-OTEC Heat Exchangers:
Performance and Power Output” (4.5)
P. Grandelli_ CC-OTEC Heat Exchangers
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J.
Kwon et al, Hoseo University, “Design and Test of Tube &
Shell Heat Exchangers for Potential OTEC Application” (4.6)
Kwon JT_ Tube&Shell HXs for OTEC
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L.
Shapiro, OTI, “Developing IPP’s for Isolated Grids: Issues
and Opportunities” (4.7)
Shapiro L._ Isolated Grids
5)
Other Applications
Uses
of the seawater drawn from depths of about 600 m to 1,000 m for
applications other than OTEC were discussed. In addition, designs of
seawater conduits and pipes for OTEC and SWAC were presented.
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D.
Jung, KIOST, “OTEC CWP Conceptual Design: Large Diameter
Laminated Composite Material Riser Numerical Model” (5.1)
Jung DH_ OTEC Composite CWP Design
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H.
Kim et al, National University of Gangneung-Wonju, “Creation of
Artificial Seaweed Forest using Discharged Deep Seawater”
(5.2)
Kim H_ OTEC Seaweed
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T.
Jagusztyn, COTHERM, “Seawater Conduits for OTEC and SWAC:
Drilled Hydrothermal Energy (DHE)” (5.3)
Ted Jagusztyn – Drilled Hydrothermal Energy
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S.
Kim, Dongeui University, “Seawater as a Heating and Cooling
Source for Busan, Korea” (5.4)
Kim S_Seawater Heating and Cooling in Busan, Korea
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S.
Lee et al, Chungbuk National University, “Computational
Analysis on Multiphase Flow in a Vortex Separator as Intake Device
for Sea Water” (5.5)
Lee S _OTEC_ Vortex Separator
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J.
Lilley et al, University of Hawaii, “Waikiki SWAC Public
Attitudes Survey” (5.6)
J. Lilley_ SWAC Public Attitude Survey
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D.
Nakamoto, Kaiulienergy, “Seawater Cooling Project for
Waikiki” (5.7)
D. Nakamoto_ SWAC for Waikiki
6)
Summary and Recommendations
A
forum was held for open discussions and a historical summary of OTEC was
presented Vega
bias USA OTEC History for Sep 2013 Symposium
OTEC
Makai Ocean Engineering has received a $3.6 million contract from the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute and the Office of Naval Research for research and design on the marine renewable energy known as Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, or OTEC. Makai will perform this work at their Ocean Energy Research Centre, located in Kona, Hawaii, which is the largest OTEC research facility in the world.
OTEC holds great promise because the tropical ocean is earth’s largest solar collector. According to Dr. Joseph Huang, a senior scientist at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “If we can use one percent of the energy [generated by OTEC] for electricity and other things, the potential is so big. It is more than 100 to 1,000 times more than the current consumption of worldwide energy. The potential is huge. There is not any other renewable energy that can compare with OTEC.”1 OTEC is unique among renewables because it can provide large quantities of base load (constant) electricity. France, Korea, Japan, and China also have active OTEC development programs.
Makai will work on two initiatives to serve the ultimate goal of making commercial OTEC a reality: designing, manufacturing and testing an improved heat exchanger for OTEC, and connecting power from its OTEC plant to the electric grid on the Island of Hawaii.
OTEC
THERMAL RESOURCE
P.I.: Assoc. Prof. Gerard Nihous, Department of Ocean and Resources Engineering
Objective: (i) Document the ocean thermal resource; and (ii) Analyze potential OTEC worldwide sustainable energy production.
One might ask: is OTEC renewable energy? The simple answer is that as long as the sun shines and, if and only if, deep-ocean cold water is provided by the thermohaline circulation the ocean thermal resource is renewable. A pertinent question, however, is: what is the worldwide power resource that could be extracted with OTEC plants without affecting the thermohaline ocean circulation? Our estimate is that the maximum steady-state OTEC electrical power is about 14 TW (Terawatts) corresponding to 250,000 plants of the kind described in the “OTEC Power Production” link below. These would be deployed throughout the OTEC region in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of ninety-eight nations. This power rating corresponds to 77% of the current worldwide annual energy consumption (Global OTEC Resources_2013).
Please use Google Chrome or Safari to view the links given below because Internet Explorer does not provide the display we intended.
Ocean Thermal Resource.- The temperature difference between 20 m and 1000 m water depths gives a good indication of available OTEC resources across tropical oceans. For example, values less than 18°C may not be economically viable for OTEC power generation. The NOAA National Ocean Data Center’s World Ocean Atlas (WOA) database (2005 version) was used to construct the link given below which shows the annual and monthly averages of the temperature difference (between 20 m and 1000 m depths) across the world oceans on a quarter-degree horizontal grid. The link TemperatureDifferentialWOA2005 provides the user with a color coded world map of the annual average temperature difference. The user can choose any region of interest defined by specific latitude and longitude ranges to view color-coded data of the annual average temperature difference as a function of latitude and longitude. Further, clicking on any location gives a plot of monthly averages of the temperature difference there.
OTEC Power Production.- An estimate of OTEC power production capabilities can be made with the temperature difference data available from the WOA database. The link PowerMaps gives annual and monthly averages of the power that would be produced by a single generic OTEC plant rated at 100 MW in standard conditions (seawater temperature difference of 20°C between 20 m and 1000 m depths, and seawater temperature of 300 K at 20 m depth). The standard conditions, along with other realistic assumptions are found in: OTEC Summary Aug 2012. The display is limited to a latitude band between 30°S and 30°N. The link provides the user with a color-coded distribution of OTEC power production from the generic 100 MW plant, in GWh per year. The user can choose any region of interest between 30°S and 30°N to view detailed values of annual average power. Further, clicking on any location provides the user with a plot of the monthly averages of net power there, in GWh per month.
CONTACTS
Luis A. Vega, Ph.D.
(808) 956-2335 (voice);
(808) 956-2336 (fax)
luisvega@hawaii.edu
LINKS
http://hawaii.edu/
About
Generalities
Mission
Goals
Approach
Staff
& Lessons Learned
Challenges
and Barriers
Licensing
& Permitting
HINMREC
Test Sites
Kaneohe
Site
NELHA
Site
Projects
at UH
Environmental
Impact Studies
Hawai’i
Marine Energy Resources
OTEC
Thermal Resource
Corrosion
Studies
Biofouling/Biocorrosion
Studies
Wave
Tank Studies
Wind
Modeling as Input to Wave Forecasting
Advanced
Wave Forecasting
REFERENCES
Wave
Energy References
OTEC
References
OTEC
Symposium-2013
http://hawaii.edu/
http://hinmrec.hnei.hawaii.edu/
http://www.useoul.edu/
http://ship.snu.ac.kr/
http://www.amc.edu.au/
http://www.gavia.is/
http://www.strath.ac.uk/na-me/
The Bluefish SNAV
platform is enabling technology for ZCCs of the future, based on a stable
SWASH
hull design under development by British engineers in the UK. The design uses no diesel fuel to monitor the oceans
at relatively high
speed 24/7 and 365 days a year - only possible with the unique energy harvesting system. The
hullform is ideal for automatic release and recovery of AUVs, ROVs
or towed arrays. This vessel
pays for itself in fuel saved every ten years.
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